The Ultracapacitor or Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor

The Ultracapacitor or Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor

2 electrodes separated by a dielectric (plastic film, paper, aluminium oxide)

Electric charge is accumulated on the surface of each electrode. So the higher surface area the higher overall capacitance.

Century-old technology, enhanced by modern materials and production methods.

The earliest model of the double layer at an electrode surface was offered in 1879 by Helmholtz, who suggested a layer of charge at a solid surface and a rigidly held layer of oppositely charged ions in the electrolyte solution.

Based on polarization of an electrolyte, high surface area electrodes (S), and extremely small charge separation distances (d)

Electrolyte forms Aqueous and Organic, where Aqueous ~ 1V per cell and Organic ~ 3V per cell

Extreme capacitance is available from the carbon electrochemical double layer capacitor

Activated carbon has very high specific area (S)

The compact layer interface between the carbon particles and electrolyte ions, the Helmholtz layer, is on the order of 1 atom thickness (d).

The Ultracapacitor model commonly applied is that of the series combination of two DLCs at the electrode with a solvent based ionic layer.

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